La prise de décision collective a bonne réputation : à plusieurs, les informations circulent, les idées fusent... Bref, le nombre fait la force, n'est-ce pas ? Pourtant, combien de fois a-t-on hésité à contredire la majorité, par peur de dire une bêtise, de vexer ses collègues, ou pire, son supérieur ? Plutôt que de s'exposer, on finit par répéter en choeur ce que tout le monde sait déjà. Alors, comment cesser d'être des moutons ? En s'appuyant sur l'économie et la psychologie comportementales, Cass R. Sunstein et Reid Hastie analysent les failles du fonctionnement des groupes - l'excès d'optimisme, l'amplification des biais cognitifs... - pour y proposer des remèdes. Avec des exemples tirés d'un large éventail d'organisations, de Google à la CIA, ils nous invitent à attribuer des rôles, à repenser les récompenses, à faire taire les chefs pour que d'autres opinions puissent émerger. L'intelligence collective est une force - le tout est de savoir l'exploiter.
Dès qu'il y a jugement, il y a bruit. Quand deux médecins posent des diagnostics différents pour le même patient, quand deux juges attribuent des peines plus ou moins lourdes pour le même crime, quand deux responsables de ressources humaines prennent des décisions opposées à propos d'un candidat à un poste, nous sommes face au bruit.
Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony et Cass R. Sunstein montrent dans ce livre que le bruit exerce des effets nocifs dans de nombreux domaines : médecine, justice, protection de l'enfance, prévision économique, recrutement, police scientifique, stratégie d'entreprise... Pourtant, le bruit reste méconnu. Il est la face cachée de l'erreur de jugement. Noise nous propose des solutions simples et immédiatement opérationnelles pour réduire le bruit dans nos jugements et prendre de meilleures décisions.
Pourquoi ce qui nous transportait d'allégresse lundi (une relation amoureuse, un emploi, une oeuvre d'art) a-t-il déjà perdu de son attrait vendredi ? À l'inverse, comment se fait-il que nous acceptions aussi facilement de vivre dans le bruit ou la pollution, de prendre des risques - pour notre santé ou nos finances -, d'avoir des relations peu satisfaisantes ?
C'est ce qu'on appelle l'habituation, un processus qui fait que nous réagissons de moins en moins aux stimuli qui se répètent. Et que nous partageons avec tous les animaux, y compris les bactéries !
En s'appuyant sur l'apport des neurosciences et des sciences comportementales, Cass Sunstein et Tali Sharot mettent au jour les ressorts de l'habituation. Bonne nouvelle, on peut se déshabituer ! C'est pourquoi ils nous proposent des pistes pour rompre avec notre quotidien (réellement ou par la pensée) afin de rendre notre vie plus riche, plus épanouie.
En redevenant sensibles aux aspects négatifs de notre environnement, nous serons aussi plus motivés pour nous battre en faveur du changement - en matière de santé, d'éducation, de justice sociale, par exemple !
Nudge : le petit coup de pouce décisif qui permet de faire pencher la balance du bon côté !
Un livre révolutionnaire qui vous indique comment trouver la bonne voie et influencer vos proches de façon bénéfique.
Parce que la bonne décision n'est pas toujours la plus évidente, les auteurs nous expliquent quelles erreurs sont à l'origine de nos mauvais choix et, surtout, nous guident vers une pensée plus humaine pour prendre la bonne route au bon moment.
Nudge has transformed the way individuals, companies and governments look at the world - and in the process has become one of the most important books of the twenty-first century. This completely updated edition offers a wealth of new insights for fans and newcomers alike - about COVID-19, diet, personal finance, retirement savings, medical care, organ donation, and climate change.
Every day we make decisions: about the things we buy or the meals we eat; about the investments we make and the time we spend; about our health and that of the planet. Unfortunately, we often choose badly.
We are all susceptible to biases that can lead us to make bad decisions that make us poorer, less healthy and less happy. And, as Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein show, no choice is ever presented to us in a neutral way. But by knowing how people think, we can make it easier for them to choose what is best for themselves, for their families and for society. With brilliant insight and wonderful levity, Thaler and Sunstein demonstrate how best to nudge us in the right directions, without ever restricting our freedom of choice.
La nouvelle édition du livre fondateur sur le nudge : le livre de référence sur l'économie comportementale.
Richard Thaler, spécialiste de l'économie comportementale, prix Nobel d'économie, et Cass Sunstein, l'un des plus grands juristes américains, nous invitent à expérimenter le nudge. Le nudge, c'est le monde des incitations douces, à l'image des parents éléphants qui donnent un léger coup de trompe à leurs petits pour leur permettre d'aller dans la bonne direction.
Ce livre, à l'origine du phénomène Nudge, s'appuie sur les recherches comportementales les plus poussées pour prendre de meilleures décisions. Il engage le lecteur à changer fondamentalement sa façon de penser, tout en préservant sa liberté de choix.
Mise à jour, enrichie et augmentée, cette édition analyse les effets du nudge et expose notamment les critiques formulées à son encontre. Elle intègre également de nouveaux thèmes majeurs : la Covid-19, la transparence de l'information, le sludge... Enfin, elle traite avec un regard neuf des questions telles que le changement climatique, le don d'organe, les finances personnelles...
Cette approche originale de l'économie comportementale nous donne un gentil coup de pouce (« Nudge » en anglais) pour aborder facilement des questions sérieuses.
A much-needed defense of liberalism what it is, why it is under threat, and why we need it more than ever from one of our most important political thinkers today. More than at any time since World War II, liberalism is under pressure, even siege. On the right, some have given up on liberalism. They hold it responsible for the collapse of the family and traditional values, rampant criminality, disrespect for authority, and widespread immorality. On the left, some are turning their backs on liberalism. They think that it lacks the resources to handle the problems posed by entrenched inequalities, racism, sexism, corporate power, and environmental degradation. But those opposed to liberalism do not depict it accurately; they offer a caricature, and they neglect its history. In On Liberalism, former advisor to Presidents Obama and Biden and New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein offers a timely and clear understanding of liberalism of its core commitments, of its breadth, of its internal debates, of its evolving character, of its promise, and why we need it more than ever. He also shows how and why liberalism has been, and should be, appealing to both left and right. The book begins with a manifesto on behalf of liberalism, and then goes on to explore the central idea of experiments of living, to which a liberal constitutional order gives pride of place. From there, it discusses John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Hayek, defining liberal thinkers; the rule of law as liberals understand it; freedom of speech (including the place of lies and falsehoods within that freedom); free markets, economic liberty, and regulation; Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Second Bill of Rights, with its social and economic guarantees; and finally, the concept of opportunity. Never more urgently needed, On Liberalism moves the conversation well beyond the reductive and inflammatory political sound bites of our moment and advances a compelling argument on behalf of liberalism as the foundation of freedom and self-government.
The social cost of carbon: The most important number you''ve never heard ofand what it means.
If you''re injuring someone, you should stopand pay for the damage you''ve caused. Why, this book asks, does this simple proposition, generally accepted, not apply to climate change? In
Rumours are as old as human history, but with the rise of the internet it's now possible to spread stories about anyone, anywhere, instantly.
In the 2008 US election many Americans believed Barack Obama was a Muslim. The conspiracy theory book 9/11: The Big Lie has become a bestseller. Hearsay has fuelled economic boom and bust - so much so that in many places it's now a crime to circulate false rumours about banks. Why do ordinary people accept rumours, even untrue, bizarre or damaging ones? Does it matter? And, if so, what should we do about it?
As Cass Sunstein shows in his brilliant analysis of the phenomenon, there are many different ways in which rumours are dispersed. He reveals how some people have pre-exisiting prejudices that make them particularly susceptible to certain falsehoods, but also why all of us (even the most sceptical) have a tipping point at which we will come to accept a rumour as true. He looks at why some groups, even different nations, believe different things (for example, many Germans think that drinking water after eating cherries is deadly), and he shows why some rumours spread faster than others.
Even if we don't realize it, the most open-minded among us are subject to extraordinary biases. This groundbreaking book will make us think harder about the information we are given, and could help us move towards a more open-minded and fair culture.
How information can make us happy or miserable, and why we sometimes avoid it and sometimes seek it out. How much information is too much? Do we need to know how many calories are in the giant vat of popcorn that we bought on our way into the movie theater? Do we want to know if we are genetically predisposed to a certain disease? Can we do anything useful with next week''s weather forecast for Paris if we are not in Paris? In Too Much Information , Cass Sunstein examines the effects of information on our lives. Policymakers emphasize "the right to know," but Sunstein takes a different perspective, arguing that the focus should be on human well-being and what information contributes to it. Government should require companies, employers, hospitals, and others to disclose information not because of a general "right to know" but when the information in question would significantly improve people''s lives. Sunstein argues that the information on warnings and mandatory labels is often confusing or irrelevant, yielding no benefit. He finds that people avoid information if they think it will make them sad (and seek information they think will make them happy). Our information avoidance and information seeking is notably heterogeneous--some of us do want to know the popcorn calorie count, others do not. Of course, says Sunstein, we are better off with stop signs, warnings on prescriptions drugs, and reminders about payment due dates. But sometimes less is more. What we need is more clarity about what information is actually doing or achieving.
Comment naissent les rumeurs ? Pourquoi y croyons-nous, souvent sans nous en rendre compte ? Et quelles en sont les conséquences pour la protection de la personnalité ? Le développement d'Internet remet ces questions à l'ordre du jour.
Cass R. Sunstein décrit et analyse les mécanismes psychologiques divers qui permettent aux rumeurs de circuler. Nous savons que les propagateurs initiaux de rumeurs de circuler. Nous savons que les propagateurs initiaux de rumeurs n'ignorent habituellement ni l'art de la manipulation, ni les faiblesses de la loi. Et pourtant, nous sommes tous susceptibles d'accepter des informations fausses ou douteuses. Sustein dévoile le rôle des certitudes préexistantes, du conformisme et de l'appartenance aux groupes qui nous rendent crédules à notre insu.
Souvent nuisibles, les rumeurs peuvent ruiner la réputation des personnes visées. Comment pouvons-nous nous protéger contre la calomnie et la diffamation tout en préservant la liberté de parole ?
On a souvent l'impression que les rumeurs se répandent à une vitesse supérieure à cette de la lumière. Dans Anatomie de la rumeur, Cass Sunstein nous aide à comprendre leur incroyable attrait, leur pouvoir et leurs dangers. Un livre fantastique.
Dan Arieli, Université Duke.
Why are group decisions so hard? Since the beginning of human history, people have made decisions in groups--first in families and villages, and now as part of companies, governments, school boards, religious organizations, or any one of countless other groups. And having more than one person to help decide is good because the group benefits from the collective knowledge of all of its members, and this results in better decisions. Right? Back to reality. We've all been involved in group decisions--and they're hard. And they often turn out badly. Why? Many blame bad decisions on "groupthink" without a clear idea of what that term really means. Now, Nudge coauthor Cass Sunstein and leading decision-making scholar Reid Hastie shed light on the specifics of why and how group decisions go wrong--and offer tactics and lessons to help leaders avoid the pitfalls and reach better outcomes.
In the first part of the book, they explain in clear and fascinating detail the distinct problems groups run into: * They often amplify, rather than correct, individual errors in judgment * They fall victim to cascade effects, as members follow what others say or do * They become polarized, adopting more extreme positions than the ones they began with * They emphasize what everybody knows instead of focusing on critical information that only a few people know In the second part of the book, the authors turn to straightforward methods and advice for making groups smarter. These approaches include silencing the leader so that the views of other group members can surface, rethinking rewards and incentives to encourage people to reveal their own knowledge, thoughtfully assigning roles that are aligned with people's unique strengths, and more. With examples from a broad range of organizations--from Google to the CIA--and written in an engaging and witty style, Wiser will not only enlighten you; it will help your team and your organization make better decisions--decisions that lead to greater success.
The different ways that social change happens, from unleashing to nudging to social cascades.
"Sunstein's book is illuminating because it puts norms at the center of how we think about change."-David Brooks, The New York Times
How does social change happen? When do social movements take off? Sexual harassment was once something that women had to endure; now a movement has risen up against it. White nationalist sentiments, on the other hand, were largely kept out of mainstream discourse; now there is no shortage of media outlets for them. In this book, with the help of behavioral economics, psychology, and other fields, Cass Sunstein casts a bright new light on how change happens.
Sunstein focuses on the crucial role of social norms-and on their frequent collapse. When norms lead people to silence themselves, even an unpopular status quo can persist. Then one day, someone challenges the norm-a child who exclaims that the emperor has no clothes; a woman who says "me too." Sometimes suppressed outrage is unleashed, and long-standing practices fall.
Sometimes change is more gradual, as "nudges" help produce new and different decisions-apps that count calories; texted reminders of deadlines; automatic enrollment in green energy or pension plans. Sunstein explores what kinds of nudges are effective and shows why nudges sometimes give way to bans and mandates. Finally, he considers social divisions, social cascades, and "partyism," when identification with a political party creates a strong bias against all members of an opposing party-which can both fuel and block social change.
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER
FULLY REVISED & UPDATED, WITH A NEW EPILOGUE
"Delightful."-The Economist
There's Santa Claus, Shakespeare, Mickey Mouse, the Bible, and then there's Star Wars. Nothing quite compares to sitting down with a young child and hearing the sound of John Williams's score as those beloved golden letters fill the screen. In this fun, erudite, and often moving book, Cass R. Sunstein explores the lessons of Star Wars as they relate to childhood, fathers, the Dark Side, rebellion, and redemption. As it turns out, Star Wars also has a lot to teach us about constitutional law, economics, and political uprisings.
In rich detail, Sunstein tells the story of the films' wildly unanticipated success and explores why some things succeed while others fail. Ultimately, Sunstein argues, Star Wars is about freedom of choice and our never-ending ability to make the right decision when the chips are down. Written with buoyant prose and considerable heart, The World According to Star Wars shines a bright new light on the most beloved story of our time.
